![]() In December, Ugandan troops crossed into eastern Congo to begin joint military operations with the Congolese army against the ADF. The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), an Islamist armed group led by Ugandans, have been allegedly responsible for more than half the killings. Attacks on civilians by armed groups and government forces continued, with more than 1,600 people killed between May and the end of the year across Ituri and North Kivu. Martial law and new military operations did not improve civilian protection. Some officers with records of abuse remained in command positions. To address insecurity in the east, the president in May 2021 imposed military rule in North Kivu and Ituri, two of the provinces worst affected by violence. In eastern Congo, fighters from armed groups, and in some cases government security forces, carried out massacres, kidnappings, sexual violence, recruitment of children, and other attacks on civilians with near total impunity. ![]() The collapse of President Felix Tshisekedi’s alliance with former President Joseph Kabila’s coalition in December 2020 created new opportunities to push forward with stalled reform efforts, but progress on systemic reforms and improvements in the human rights and humanitarian situations were limited. ![]()
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